CALIFORNIA  STATE  MINING  BUREAU 

FERRY  BUILDING,  SAN  FRANCISCO 
:IER  HAMILTON  State  Mineralogist 


mcisco]  PRELIMINARY  REPORT  No.  4 


[March,  1918 


\ingsten,  Molybdenum 


and 


Vanadium 


of  California 
n  Regional 
7  Facility 


CALIFORNIA  STATE  PRINTING  OFFICE 

SACRAMENTO 

1918 


CALIFORNIA  STATE  MINING  BUREAU 

FERRY  BUILDING,  SAN  FRANCISCO 
FLETCHER  HAMILTON  St'ate  Mineralogist 

San  Francisco]  PRELIMINARY  REPORT  No.  4  [March,  1918 


Tungsten,  Molybdenum 

and 

Vanadium 


COMPUMCNTS    Of 

FLETCHER  HAMILTON 

STATE   MINERALOGIST 


By 
E.  S.  BOALICH 

and 
W.  O.  CASTELLO 


CALIFORNIA  STATE  Pltl.NTIXG  OFFICE 

SACRAMENTO 

1918 


TABLE  OF  CONTENTS. 


PAGE 

LETTER    OF    TRANSMIT  TAL 5 

INTRODUCTION     ^ 

LETTER  TO  CONSUMERS  AND  BUYERS 7 

CHAPTER   I.     TUNGSTEN 9 

FOREWORD    '. 9 

PROPERTIES    9 

ORES   AND   OCCURRENCE 9 

USES 10 

PRICES     11 

TESTS 11 

LIST  OF  DEPOSITS 12 

LIST  OF  CONSUMERS 15 

LETTERS  FROM  CONSUMERS 16 

CHAPTER   II.     MOLYBDENUM 21 

FOREWORD   21 

ORES..   PROPERTIES  AND   TESTS 21 

OCCURRENCE     21 

USES 22 

PRICES 22 

LIST  OF  DEPOSITS 23 

LIST  OF  CONSUMERS 23 

LETTERS  FROM  CONSUMERS 24 

CHAPTER  III.     VANADIUM 27 

FOREWORD  27 

PROPERTIES  AND  ORBS 27 

GENERAL  OCCURRENCE 28 

USES 28 

TESTS 28 

PRICES  28 

LIST  OF  PUBLICATIONS,  CALIFORNIA  STATE  MINING  BUREAU 29 

DETERMINATION  OF  MINERAL  SAMPLES 32 

INDEX   .  33 


LETTER  OF  TRANSMITTAL. 

To  Ills  Excellency,  the  HONORABLE  WILLIAM  D.  STEPHENS, 
Governor  of  the  State  of  California. 

SIR  :  I  have  the  honor  to  transmit  herewith  Preliminary  Report  No.  4 
an  Tungsten,  Molybdenum,  and  Vanadium. 

The  information  presented  is  brief  and  practical,  and,  it  is  believed, 
will  assist  in  the  development,  production  and  marketing  of  these  sub- 
stances, all  of  which  are  of  rare  occurrence  in  the  United  States,  and 
which  are  required  in  various  industries  where  war  supplies  axe 
manufactured. 

Respectfully  submitted, 

FLETCHER  HAMILTON, 

State  Mineralogist. 
March  31,  1918. 


INTRODUCTION. 

This  report  has  been  prepared  with  the  same  ideas  in  mind  which 
prompted  the  publication  of  Preliminary  Report  No.  3,  on  Manganese 
and  Chrome  in  November,  1917,  namely,  to  satisfy  a  demand  for 
immediate  information  concerning  the  minerals  herein  treated  while  a 
more  detailed  report  is  being  prepared,  and  field  investigation  is  being 
carried  on. 

In  regard  to  freight  rates  on  the  ores  and  minerals  dealt  with  in 
this  report,  it  may  be  stated  that  such  rates  are  computed  on  both  the 
weight  and  value  of  the  shipment.  It  is  occasionally  possible  to  effect  a 
saving  by  keeping  the  value  per  ton  of  ore  below  a  certain  limit.  This 
would,  of  course,  have  to  be  determined  for  each  individual  case, 
depending  upon  the  origin,  destination,  rate  and  grade  of  ore  demanded 
by  the  buyer.  Freight  tariffs  for  both  carload  and  less  than  carload 
lots,  may  be  best  obtained  by  consulting  the  nearest  representative  of 
the  company  over  whose  lines  the  product  is  to  be  shipped. 

Open  freight  on  ores  from  California  points  to  the  Atlantic  seaboard, 
revised  schedule,  May  27,  1918.  is  84|^  per  100  pounds  in  40-ton  lots. 
To  Chicago  69^. 

As  a  means  of  assisting  producers  in  marketing  their  ores  a  copy  of 
the  following  letter  was  addressed  to  consumers  of  the  minerals  con- 
sidered in  this  report.  Many  replies  were  received  and  are  printed 
herewith,  and  the  spirit  of  co-operation  exhibited  by  the  firms  quoted  is 
sincerely  appreciated. 

LETTER  TO  CONSUMERS  AND  BUYERS. 

' '  Dear  Sir :  There  is  now  in  course  of  preparation  by  this  Bureau, 
for  issue  at  an  early  date,  a  report  upon  California  molybdenum, 
tungsten  and  vanadium.  In  conformity  with  the  times  it  is  hoped 
to  present  data,  the  major  portion  of  which  will  be  of  assistance 
in  the  utilization  of  our  resources  for  the  common  good,  rather 
than  of  purely  scientific  interest.  To  this  end  I  am  planning  to 
include  a  complete  directory  of  the  owners  or  operators  of  all  known 
deposits  in  the  state,  with  their  addresses  and  the  location  of  their 
properties.  It  is  equally  desirable  to  include  a  complementary 
directory  of  all  the  firms  in  the  United  States  who  are  in  the  market 
for  these  ores.  The  use  of  your  name  and  such  information  on  the 


(    \!  IIDKMA    STATE    MINING   BUREAU. 

four  following  points  as  it  is  compatible  with  your  business  policy 
to  furnish,  will  be  appreciated  in  this  connection. 

1.  Principal  use  made  of  the  ore. 

2.  Specifications  covering  tenor  of  ore  which  will  meet  your 

requirements. 

3.  Form  of  contract,  if  any,  which  you  demand  of  producer. 

4.  Approximate  amount  of  ore  you  expect  to  be  in  the  market 

for. 

It  is  believed  that  the   dissemination  of  information  of  this 
character  will  benefit  both  the  user  and  the  producer,  and  you  are 
assured  that  your  courtesy  in  complying  with  the  above  request 
will  be  sincerely  appreciated. 
Yours  very  truly, 

FLETCHER  HAMILTON, 
State  Mineralogist." 


TUNGSTEN".    MOLYBDENUM    AND    VANADIUM.  9 

CHAPTER  I. 

TUNGSTEN. 
Foreword. 

The  production  of  tungsten  has  been  stimulated  by  the  war  to  as 
great  an  extent,  probably,  as  any  other  mineral. 

The  increase  in  California  production  has  been  phenomenal,  as 
shown  by  the  following  tabulation: 


Year 

Produc- 
tion, tons 

Value 

1914- 

$180,575 

1915         .     .          

962 

1,005,467 

1916                                                                                                           _           ._        

2,270 

4,571,521 

1917    •                       ...          ..    .      ..               

2,458 

3,068,331 

Previous  to  1915  a  single  company  produced  almost  all  of  Cali- 
fornia's tungsten.  Because  of  the  high  prices  prevailing  in  the  latter 
part  of  1915  and  in  1916,  prospecting  was  greatly  stimulated  and  the 
tungsten  bearing  areas  in  the  southern  part  of  the  state  in  Kern  and 
San  Bernardino  counties  were  considerably  extended. 

The  above  recent  production  in  Californa  is  more  noticeable,  in  view 
of  the  fact  that  before  1900  the  total  production  in  the  United  States 
was  insignificant,  and  for  the  ten  years  previous  to  1915  the  average 
yearly  value  of  the  production  in  the  United  States  was  approximately 
$520.000.  In  1914,  990  tons  of  concentrates  carrying  60  per  cent  of 
tungsten  trioxide  (W03)  valued  at  $435,000,  was  mined  and  sold  in  the 
United  States.  In  this  year  the  Atolia  field  in  the  Mohave  Desert  in 
California  was  the  largest  producer  for  the  first  time.  In  1914  approxi- 
mately one-third  of  the  tungsten  ore  consumed  in  this  country  was 
imported,  principally  from  Queensland,  Argentine  and  Portugal. 

Properties. 

Tungsten  is  a  hard,  heavy,  tough  metal.  Hardness  4.5  to  8.0. 
Specific  gravity  19.3-20.2.  It  has  a  high  melting  point  and  for  this 
reason  is  obtained  from  its  ores  in  the  form  of  a  powder.  It  is  very 
resistant  to  the  action  of  the  atmosphere  and  ordinary  acids.  It  forms 
alloys  readily  with  other  metals,  and  gives  to  steel  hardness  and  the 
property  of  holding  its  temper  under  high  temperatures. 

Ores  and  Occurrence. 

The  principal  ores  of  tungsten  are  scheelite  and  wolframite. 

Xrkeeliti  (CaWO4).  Calcium  tungstate.  White,  yellow,  green  or 
l)ro wn  mineral,  with  a  vitreous  or  adamantine  luster.  Transparent  or 
translucent.  Hardness  4.5  to  5.0.  Gravity  6.0.  In  the  borax  bead  it 
i'u<-i-s  with  much  difficulty  to  a  transparent  glass.  The  powdered  min- 


10  MR>KXI\ 


eral  when  boiled  with  hydrochloric  acid  (HC1)  leaves  a  yellow  r.-si.lu.  <>l 
tungsten  oxide. 

Scheelite  is  the  principal  ore  of  tungsten  and  is  produced  in  the 
-t  quantities. 

The  Atolia  and  Randsburg  districts  in  Kern  and  San  Bernardino 
counties  are  the  largest  producers  in  California,  if  not  in  the  United 
States.  Here  scheelite  occurs  in  veins  associated  with  gold  hearing 
quartz. 

There  are  undeveloped  deposits  in  Madera  County,  12  miles  north  of 
Raymond.  It  has  been  found  in  Inyo  County  near  Bishop,  and  in  parts 
of  Nevada  County. 

There  are  two  known  deposits  in  Fresno  County,  one  30  miles  north- 
west from  Coalinga,  and  another  near  Trimmer.  The  latter  is  scheelite 
with  gold  values. 

Wolframite  (FeMnWO4)  or  (FeMn)  O  -f-  W(X.  Iron  m.-ni^.-mcsr 
timgstate.  Color  dark  grayish  black,  luster  sub-metallic  or  dull. 
Hardness  5.0  to  5.5.  Gravity  7.5.  About  76%  (WO.,). 

In  the  borax  bead  fuses  easily  to  magnetic  globule. 

Has  been  found  near  Ivanpah  in  the  Clark  Mountain  district  in 
eastern  San  Bernardino  County  and  also  in  the  New  York  Mountain 
district  in  the  same  locality. 

Hubnerite,  a  mineral  resembling  wolframite  with  practically  the  same 
composition,  is  also  found  there. 

In  general  tungsten  minerals  are  found  in  regions  of  granitic  rocks. 
In  this  country  they  are  obtained  almost  entirely  from  regions  of 
quartzose  granular  igneous  rocks,  or  areas  intruded  by  them,  commonly 
associated  with  gold  bearing  veins. 

Uses. 

Tungsten  is  used  in  the  greatest  amounts  as  an  alloy  with  steel.  It 
produces  an  exceedingly  hard,  tough  variety  which  is  capable  of  holding 
its  temper  up  to  nearly  a  red  heat.  It  is  used  either  alone  or  with 
molybdenum  or  chromium.  The  product  is  made  into  armor  plate. 
projectiles,  steel  tools,  etc.  One  of  the  most  important  uses  for  tung- 
sten is  in  the  manufacture  of  filaments  for  electric  light  bulbs. 
Although  millions  of  bulbs  are  made  every  year,  the  amount  of  tungsten 
used  in  this  way  is  very  small,  owing  to  the  fineness  of  the  filaments. 
It  is  used  in  place  of  platinum  for  crucibles  and  electric  furnaces,  and 
;.n  making  chemical  apparatus,  owing  to  its  great  resistance  to  acids. 

Minor  uses  are  for  spark  plugs,  phonograph  needles,  etc. 


TUNGSTEN",    MOLYBDENUM    AND    VANADIUM.  11 

Prices. 

The  value  of  the  tungsten  ore  is  generally  based  upon  the  content  of 
tungsten  trioxide  (WO3),  and  quotations  are  made  per  unit,  the  unit 
being  1%  of  (WOS)  in  a  ton.  In  the  early  part  of  1914  prices  were 
low,  being  $6.50  per  unit.  Such  a  price  offered  slight  inducement  to 
the  miner  or  prospector,  and  as  a  consequence,  the  production  was 
lower,  even,  than  in  previous  years.  Toward  the  end  of  the  year,  due 
to  the  war  the  price  raised  to  $9.00  per  unit,  and  the  demand  for  the 
ore  was  greatly  increased.  In  1916  the  price  rose  to  $36  per  unit  for 
60%  WO:,.  The  more  recent  quotations  at  San  Francisco  give  $24  per 
unit  for  60%  (WO,). 

Tests.* 

The  mineral  is  finely  pulverized  and  heated  with  hydrochloric  acid 
(HC1).  If  tungsten  is  present,  a  yellow  powder,  tungsten  trioxide 
(W03)  will  be  produced,  though  it  may  be  obscured  by  iron  or  other 
impurities. 

Upon  the  addition  of  metallic  zinc  the  solution  will  turn  indigo  blue, 
the  intensity  of  the  color  depending  upon  the  amount  of  tungsten  in  the 
specimen  tested. 

Tin  or  lead  will  act  the  same  as  zinc,  but  not  so  readily. 


*U.   S.   G.   S.     1914   Mineral  Resources,  p.   942. 


3-38628 


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TUNGSTEN,    MOLYBDENUM    AND   VANADIUM.  15 


Tungsten  Buyers  and  Consumers. 

American  Tool  Steel  Co.,  Chicago,  111. 

Atkins,  Kroll  &  Company,  311  California  St.,  San  Francisco. 

Atolia  Mining  Co.,  Humboldt  Bank  Bldg.,  San  Francisco. 

Barrows,  H.  H.,  1648  16th  St.,  Oaklamd,  Cal. 

Bethlehem  Steel  Co.,  Bethlehem,  Pa. 

Blackwell,  Geo.  G.,  &  Sons,  Ltd.,  Box  22,  Liverpool,  The  Albany. 

Braeburn  Steel  Co.,  Braeburn.  Pa. 

Carnegie  Steel  Co..  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 

Chemical  Products  Co.,  Washington,  D.  C. 

Colonial  Steel  Co..  Pittsburgh.  Pa. 

Crucible  Steel  Co.,  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 

Eimer  &  Amend,  205  Third  Ave.,  New  York  City. 

Electro  Metallurgical  Co.,  Niagara  Falls,  N.  Y. 

Electro  Reduction  Co.,  50  E.  41st  St.,  New  York  City. 

Firth  Sterling  Steel  Co.,  McKeesport,  Pa. 

Foete  Mineral  Company,  107  N.  19th  St.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

General  Chemical  Co.,  25  Broad  St.,  New  York  City. 

Goldschmidt  Thermit  Co.,  90  West  St.,  New  York  City. 

Hardy,  Charles,  50  Church  St.,  New  York  City. 

Hunter,  R.  S..  310  California  St..  San  Francisco. 

Latrobe  Electro  Co..  Latrobe.  Pa. 

Lavino,  E.  J.,   &  Co.,  Bullitt  Bldg.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Leavitt,  C.  W.,  &  Co.,  Hudson  Terminal,  30  Church  St.,  New  York. 

May  Co.,  Frank  L.,  99  John  St.,  New  York. 

Midvale  Steel  Co.,  Philadelphia.  Pa. 

Noble  Electric  Steel  Co.,  995  Market  St.,  San  Francisco. 

Pfanstiehl  Co.,  North  Chicago,  m. 

Leaf  Co.,  E.  B.,  50  Church  St.,  New  York  City. 

Primos  Chemical  Co.,  Primes.  Pa. 

Seaboard  Ore  Sales  Co.,  15  Broad  St.,  New  York  City. 

Taylor,  David,  Symmes  Bldg.,  Denver,  Colo. 

United  Alloy  Steel  Corporation,  Canton,  Ohio. 

Vanadium  Alloys  Steel  Co.,  Latrobe,  Pa. 

Vogelstein,  L.,  &  Co.,  42  Broadway,  New  York  City. 

Wigmore,  John,  and  Sons  Company,  401  4th  St.,  Los  Angeles,  Cal. 

York  Metals  and  Alloy  Co.,  York,  Pa. 

Watson,  H.  A.,  Exchange  Bldg.,  Liverpool. 


16  r  M.llMiKM  A     >TATK     M!MN(,    HIKKAT. 

LETTERS  FROM  TUNGSTEN  CONSUMERS. 

Goldschmidt  Thermit  Company:  Equitable  Bldg.,  120  Broadway,  New  York 
City,  N.  Y.     Nov.  27,  1917. 

" At  the  present  time  we  are  using  all  of  the  tungsten  ores,  scheelite, 
hubnerite,  ferberite  and  wolframite.  For  certain  uses  we  prefer  the 
wolframite  and  for  others  we  prefer  sheelite.  "We  have  used  these 
entirely  for  the  production  of  tungsten  powder  and  ferro-tungsten. 

It  is  impossible  to  give  you  specifications  covering  our  requirements. 
We  have  been  changing  these  from  time  to  time,  and  we  hope  to  con- 
tinue to  change  them  so  as  to  use  lower  and  lower  percentages  of  ore. 
Also  in  regard  to  the  impurities,  we  have  had  to  use  careful  judgment 
in  selecting  ores,  so  that  we  have  bought  principally  on  Ledoux  & 
Company's  analysis  and  have  analyzed  each  particular  lot  offered  to  us 
by  itself,  based  on  the  price  at  which  it  is  offered  and  the  combination 
of  percentage  of  WO3  and  impurities  contained.  For  this  reason,  and 
the  reason  that  all  this  buying  has  not  been  so  far  stabilized,  we  have 
not  been  able  to  formulate  any  form  of  contract  that  would  meet  the 
very  difficult  conditions  covering  each  particular  transaction. 

It  is  very  difficult  for  us  to  state  what  ore  we  will  be  in  the  market 
for,  but  at  the  present  time  we  are  using  approximately  50  tons  a 
month ;  and  we  expect  this  to  very  largely  increase. ' ' 

Chemical  Products  Company:  Washington,  D.  C. 

"1.  Principal  use  to  which  you  put  the  material? 

Ans.  Manufacture  of  tungsten  powder,  our  entire  output  of  which 
we  sell  to  manufacturers  of  high  speed  steels. 

2.  Specifications    covering    tenor    of    ore    which    will    meet    your 
requirements  ? 

Ans.  Our  process  of  manufacture  is  probably  unique,  in  that  it 
adapts  itself  to  treatment  of  any  tungsten  ore  irrespective  of  grade  or 
impurities.  We  have  purchased  material  containing  as  little  as  10% 
WO3,  but  prefer  material  containing  from  35  to  45%  W0a.  Higher 
grades  are  also  acceptable.  We  will  purchase  material  containing  any 
per  cent  of  tin,  arsenic,  antimony,  copper,  phosphorus,  sulphur  or  other 
deleterious  elements  at  reduced  prices. 

3.  Form  of  contract  which  you  demand  of  the  producer  ? 

Ans.  We  prefer  to  purchase  material  f.  o.  b  our  plant  Uniontowu, 
D.  C.,  against  certificate  of  weight  and  analysis  by  Ledoux  &  Company 
of  New  York  City,  who  will  come  to  our  plant  to  sample  and  weigh  the 
material.  We  are  also  willing  to  purchase  material  by  making  50  to 
75%  advance  against  bill  of  lading  and  certificate  of  analysis  by  Smith, 
Emory  &  Company  of  Los  Angeles  or  other  reputable  analyst  known 
to  us  and  make  final  payment  against  Ledoux  &  Company's  results. 


TCN'iSTK.V,    MOLYBDENUM    AND    VANADICM.  17 

4.  Approximate  amount  of  ore  you  expect  to  be  in  the  market  for  ? 

Ana.     Equivalent  of  30  to  50  tons  of  60%  ore  per  month." 
Primes  Chemical  Company:  Primes,  Delaware  County,  Pa.     Nov.  21,  1917. 

i-Xo.  1.  The  principal  use  to  which  we  put  the  tungsten  ores  which 
we  consume  at  our  reduction  works  here  at  Primos,  amounting  normally 
to  about  200  tons  per  month,  is  in  the  manufacture  of  tungsten  metal 
and  ferro-tungsten,  these  products  being  used  chiefly  in  the  manufacture 
of  munitions.  There  is  also  a  smaller  tonnage  used  in  the  manufacture 
of  motor  trucks  and  pleasure  automobiles.  Besides  the  above  two 
products  we  also  manufacture  various  chemical  products  containing 
tungsten,  such  -as  tungstate  of  soda,  tungstate  of  calcium,  tungstic  acid, 
etc..  the  latter  being  used  to  a  considerable  extent  in  the  manufacture  of 
tungsten  filaments,  the  tungstate  of  calcium  being  used  in  the  manufac- 
ture of  screens  for  X-ray  apparatus. 

Xo.  2.  We  have  no  fixed  specifications  for  ores  which  we  are  willing  to 
buy.  We  prefer  to  use  ores  containing  a  minimum  of  85%  W03,  and 
as  low  as  possible  in  tin.  sulphur,  phosphorus  and  arsenic. 

Xo.  3.  We  have  no  regular  form  of  contract,  but  try  wherever  possible 
to  conform  to  the  requirements  of  the  seller.  In  some  cases  where  the 
seller  is  a  man  without  means,  and  where  his  ore  is  known  to  be  of  good 
quality,  we  sometimes  make  advance  payments  in  order  to  help  in  the 
financing  of  the  operation. 

Xo.  4.  As  we  operate  our  own  mines,  producing  from  100  to  150  tons 
per  month  of  concentrates,  we  are  not  a  very  important  factor  in  the 
market,  as  our  purchases  in  the  outside  market  probably  do  not  average 
more  than  50  tons  per  month  of  65%  concentrates." 

Electric  Reduction  Company:  1912  Oliver  Bldg.,  Pittsburg,  Pa.  Nov.  26,  1917. 
"1.  The  principal  use  to  which  we  put  the  tungsten  ore  is  the  manu- 
facture of  ferro-tungsten  made  in  an  electric  furnace  and  used  by  the 
steel  trade  in  the  manufacture  of  magnet,  high  speed  and  self -hardening 
steel  for  dies  and  other  purposes. 

2.  With  regard  to  specifications :  we  prefer  that  the  tungsten  content 
shall  not  be  less  than  60%  W03.     The  ore  shall  be  free  from  tin,  copper, 
arsenic,  bismuth,  lead  and  low  in  phosphorus  and  sulphur  content. 

3.  We  do  not  use  any  particular  form  of  contract.     Usually  buy  from 
sources  with  which  we  are  familiar,  and  the  usual  form  of  purchase 
order  is  employed. 

4.  The  amount  of  ore  which  we  use  is  about  50  tons  60%  concentrates 
monthly. ' ' 

Latrobe  Electric  Steel  Company:  Latrobe,  Pa.     Nov.  20,  1917. 

"1.  The  ore  we  purchase  is  used  exclusively  in  the  manufacture  of 
tungsten  steels,  such  as  high-speed  steel,  magnet  steel,  etc. 


18  CAI.IKOKNIA    >TATK    .MINIM;    HfKK.\r. 

'2.  We  usually  require  that  the  material  be  over  55%  tuugstic  acid, 
under  1.00%  sulphur  and  free  from  such  objectionable  impurities  as 
copper,  tin,  excessive  amounts  of  phosphorus,  etc. 

3.  We  have  purchased  considerable  ore  from  the  Atolia  Mining  Com- 
pany, and  their  form  of  contract  is  acceptable  to  us,  with  the  addition, 
of  course,  of  a  clause  covering  the  specification  of  the  ore. 

4.  We  u&e  approximately  50  tons  of  concentrates  per  month." 

Crucible  Steel  Company  of  America:  Pittsburgh,  Pa.     Nov.  20,  1917. 

"1.  We  use  tungsten  ore  for  the  manufacture  of  tungsten  metal, 
from  which,  in  turn,  we  manufacture  high-speed  steel. 

2.  Our  specification  is  very  simple — it  merely  reads:  ore  guaranteed 
to  contain  not  less  than  65%  tungstic  acid.    We  make  no  demand  that 
impurities  be  guaranteed. 

3.  We  have  no  standard  form  of  contract.    In  fact,  we  do  not  usually 
contract  for  forward  delivery,  but  instead  limit  ourselves  to  definite 
quantities  that  are  available  for  reasonably  prompt  shipment. 

4.  We  would  be  willing  to  buy  50  tons  at  the  present  tin 

Foote  Mineral  Company:  107  N.  Nineteenth  St.,  Philadelphia,  Pa.    Jan.  8,  1918. 
"1.  The  principal  demand  for  tungsten  ores  at  the  present  time  is  for 
the  manufacture  of  ferro-tungstem  and  tungstic  acid. 

2.  Our  specifications  vary  from  time  to  time  and  depend  a  great  deal 
upon  the  nature  of  the  ore.    As  a  general  rule,  we  require  concentrates 
carrying  a  minimum  of  60%  tungsten  trioxide,  maximum  .1%  sulphur, 
maximum  .05%  phosphorus,  copper  and  tin  in  traces  only.     Such  ore  is 
considered  of  prime  quality  and  commands  the  highest  current  market 
price.     We  can  also  utilize  concentrates  carrying  a  higher  percentage 
of  deterimental  impurities,  but  always  insist  on  a  minimum  of  60% 
W03.     For  example,  in  certain  cases  we  can  use  ore  carrying  as  high 
as  2%  sulphur,  0.1%  phosphorus,  5%  copper  and  1%  tin,  but  naturally, 
such  a  product  commands  a  very  much  lower  figure  than  a  prime  quality 
ore. 

3.  We  do  not  require  any  special  form  of  contract  from  the  producer. 
We  generally  purchase  the  ore  on  the  basis  of  a  75%  cash  advance 
against  shipping  documents  attached  to  certificate  of  sampling  and 
analysis  by  any  reputable  chemist  at  the  point  of  shipment.     Final 
settlement  is  made  after  the  arrival  of  ore  at  Philadelphia,  on  the  basis 
of  Ledoux  &  Company  or  Booth,  Garrett  &  Blair's  weighing,  sampling 
and  analysis. 

4.  It  is  impossible  for  us  to  state  the  approximate  amount  of  ore  we 
expect  to  be  in  the  market  for  during  the  piv^-nt  year,  as  our  require- 
ments vary  from  month  to  month." 


TUNGSTEN,    MOLYBDENUM    AND    VANADHM.  19 

Charles  Hardy:  Hudson  Terminal  Bldg.,  50  Church  St.,  New  York  City,  N.  Y. 
Nov.  21,  1917. 

"As  you  probably  know,  practically  95%  of  the  ore  which  reaches  this 
market  is  used  for  the  manufacture  of  high-speed  steel.  It  is  true  that 
some  ore  is  used  in  armor  plate  and  armor  piercing  projectiles  and  gun 
linings,  and  also  a  small  quantity  is  used  for  the  filament  of  lamps. 

The  importations  of  all  grades  of  ore  from  January,  1917,  to  August, 
1917,  varied  from  a  minimum  of  76  tons  in  April  to  659  tons  in  January. 

With  regard  to  the  composition  of  the  ore,  it  of  course,  depends  upon 
the  process.  In  the  electrolytical  process,  copper,  tin  and  phosphorus 
are  the  most  objectionable  impurities  and  it  is  almost  impossible  to  sell 
to  a  user  of  tungsten  ore  who  has  the  electrical  process  only,  material 
containing  an  excess  of  .05%  tin,  .05%  copper  and  .04%  phosphorus; 
thus  ore  that  is  free  from  these  impurities  is  classified  as  the  highest 
class  ore  and  naturally  brings  the  top  market  price. 

Any  ore  that  does  not  meet  these  specifications  is  therefore  called  off 
grade  ore  and  while  in  a  rising  market  it  is  sometimes  possible  to  sell 
ore  with  an  excess  of  the  impurities  slightly  above  the  percentage  above 
given,  it  is  exceedingly  difficult  to  sell  this  ore  at  good  prices  in  a 
steady  or  falling  market.  In  the  chemical  process,  tin  or  copper  and 
even  phosphorus  can  practically  be  eliminated,  and  therefore,  the 
chemical  process  buyers  are  not  so  particular  on  the  impurities;  but 
inasmuch  as  the  number  of  these  users  are  limited,  all  the  ore  coming 
on  the  market  and  containing  tin,  copper,  and  other  impurities  is  offered 
to  these  few  users  who  naturally  find  an  abundance  of  ore  and  are  not 
prepared  to  pay  top  market  prices.  As  a  matter  of  fact,  they  have 
been  able  to  make  their  price,  and  while  for  high  class  ore,  the  market 
is  often  a  seller's  market;  for  off  grade  ore,  it  is  almost  invariably  a 
buyer's  market. 

The  buyer 's  idea  of  price  governs  the  market  or  off  grade  ores  cannot 
be  got  rid  of,  and  will  ultimately  reach  the  buyer  still  cheaper  than  if 
his  price  is  accepted  as  and  when  the  material  comes  on  the  market. 

Inasmuch  as  supply  and  demand  are  at  the  present  moment  balancing 
themselves,  it  is  easily  understood  that  buyers  even  for  the  chemical 
process  prefer  to  take  ores  on  which  they  have  not  the  trouble  of 
extracting  the  impurities  and  ores,  containing  deleterious  matter,  have 
to  be  sold  at  heavy  discounts  from  the  regularly  established  price. 

I  have  handled  a  very  considerable  tonnage  of  tungsten  ores  running 
in  the  thousands  of  tons  already  this  year,  and  have  not  yet  had  a  single 
parcel  of  tungsten  ore  unsold,  though  some  of  them  run  as  high  as  11% 
of  tin.  Of  course,  where  tin  is  contained  in  the  ore  to  such  a  large 
percentage,  it  would  be  advisable  to  have  the  tin  extracted  either  at  the 
port  of  shipment  or  in  New  York,  if  arrangement  to  that  end  can  be 


L'O  CAI.IKDHMA    STATK     MIM\(i    BTKKAU. 

made.  Such  extractions,  of  course,  would  prevent  a  sale  prior  to  the 
result  of  such  extraction  being  known. 

With  regard  to  the  consumption  in  this  country  after  careful  calcula- 
tion, it  has  been  estimated  between  850  to  900  tons  per  month. 

With  regard  to  the  form  of  contract  which  is  now  in  use,  I  beg  to 
attach  hereto  a  copy  of  the  present  form. 

Further,  I  beg  to  add  that  some  of  the  consumers  find  that  they  have 
much  more  success  with  a  combination  of  wolframite  and  scheelite, 
while  others;  use  scheelite  entirely,  and  still  others  use  wolframite 
entirely.  Ilubnerite  and  ferberite  is  used  by  the  people  who  find  the 
combination  works  to  their  satisfaction." 

"Ore  Contract. 


SELLER: 

PURCHASERS: 

MATERIAL: 

QUANTITY:     (Subject  to  properties  maintaining  present  output.) 

SHIPMENT: 

PRICE: 

PAYMENT: 

Ninety  (90%)  against  sight  draft  accompanied  by  shipping  documents,  and  balance  against 
sight  draft  accompanied  by  final  assay  and  weight  certificate  of  Pittsburgh  Testing  Laboratory. 
CONDITIONS: 

To  be  received  with  despatch  when  ready  lor  delivery  and  paid  for  Net  Cash  In  U.  8.  Gold  Coin, 
in 

Goods  at  risk  of  purchasers  as  soon  as  delivery  is  made  at  point  above  specified. 

This  sale  is  based  upon  the  present  Railroad  or  Steamship  classification  and  published  rate; 
any  change  in  same,  or  in  the  rate  payable  to  the  carriers,  to  be  for  account  of  purchasers. 

Sacks  to  be  provided  by  seller,  free  of  charge,  and  to  be  returned  by  purchasers,  at  seller's 
expense,  if  required. 

This  contract,  is  entered  into  subject  to  seller's  normal  output  being1  maintained  during  the 
life  thereof. 

If,  in  the  opinion  of  seller,  War  Risk  Insurance  becomes  necessary  for  the  protection  of  the 
within-mentioned  property  prior  to  or  during  transit,  expense  of  same  to  be  for  account  of 
purchasers. 

Seller  has  the  power  to  demand,  at  time  of  entering  into  this  contract  or  at  any  time  during 
the  life  thereof,  that  purchasers  forthwith  establish  confirmed  Bankers'  Letter  of  Credit,  Bankers 
to  be  approved  by  seller,  covering  the  whole  or  any  portion  of  this  contract.  Drafts  to  be 
drawn  without  recourse. 

Seller  not  liable  for  nondelivery  resulting  from  or  contributed  to  by  strikes,  lockouts,  fires, 
floods,  droughts,  earthquakes,  accidents,  insurrections,  wars,  breakdown  of  machinery,  shut* 
down  of  mines  or  mills,  prohibition  of  or  by  Governmental  authorities,  embargoes,  perils  of  the 
sea,  or  any  other  unavoidable  causes  shall  not  constitute  cause  for  rejection  of  goods  by 
purchasers. 

Any  disputes,  arising  under  this  contract,  to  be  settled  by  arbitration  in 

upon  the  immediate  demand  on  the  part  of  either  purchasers  or  seller.    The  decision  of  such 
arbitration  to  be  final  and  binding  on  both  parties. 

Rejection  made  by  purchasers,  with  seller's  consent,  cancels  this  contract. 

Should  shipment,  or  any  portion  thereof,  be  lost  or  become  damaged,  this  sale  to  be  void 
to  the  extent  of  such  quantity. 

This  contract  not  be  assignable,  except  by  mutual  consent. 

copies  executed  at .,  one  of  which  being  accomplished, 

the  other  to  stand  void. 

,  Seller. 

By — _ its  President. 

- - ,  Purchasers. 

By  " 

Oakland  Mazda  Lamp  Division  of  General  Electric  Company:  1648  Sixteenth 
St.  Oakland,  Cal.  Nov.  19,  1917. 

"1.  The  principal  use  to  which  we  put  the  material  is  in  the 
Incandescent  Lamp  filament. 

2.  Ore  containg  60%  W03  will  meet  our  requirements." 


TUNGSTEN".    MOLYBDENUM    AND    VANADIUM.  21 

CHAPTER  II. 

MOLYBDENUM. 
Foreword. 

Molybdenum,  although  regarded  as  one  of  the  rarer  metals,  has 
recently  become  of  increased  value  on  account  of  its  use  in  the  steel 
industry.  The  United  States  at  present  appears  to  be  the  world's 
largest  producer,  and  exports  considerable  metal  and  concentrates. 
Arizona  and  Colorado  are  the  principal  producing  states.  In  1917  the 
domestic  production  amounted  to  175  tons  of  metal,  valued  at  $350,000. 
No  production  in  California  was  reported  up  to  1915.  In  that  year  a 
small  tonnage  was  mined  in  Plumas  County,  but  not  marketed.  In 
1916  tin-re  were  8  tons  of  picked  concentrate  produced  in  Inyo  and 
Plumas  counties,  valued  at  .$9945.  In  1917  the  production  was  228 
tons  of  ore  valued  at  $6014. 

The  importance  of  molybdenum  as  a  valuable  alloy  metal  appears  now 
to  be  well  established  and  the  search  for  and  development  of  its  ore 
bodies  should  add  a  substantial  increment  to  the  mining  industry  of  the 
state. 

Unsteady  markets  have  held  production  to  deposits  of  high  grade 
shipping  ore.  It  is  encouraging  to  note  a  more  stable  demand  and 
undoubtedly  concentration  of  the  ores  at  some  of  the  larger  deposits 
of  disseminated  type  will  follow. 

Ores,  Properties  and  Tests. 

Molybdenite  (MoS2).  Molybdenum  sulphide.  Contains  41%  sul- 
phur and  59%  molybdenum.  Light  bluish  gray  in  color,  streak  lead 
gray  with  greenish  cast.  Occurs  in  scales  or  hexagonal  plates,  or  foli- 
ated masses.  Perfect  basal  cleavage.  Hardness  1.0  to  1.5.  Gravity 
4.7.  Crystallizes  in  the  hexagonal  system.  Thin  plates  are  very  flex- 
ible, but  not  elastic.  Resembles  graphite,  but  slightly  different  in  color. 
It  is  infusible  before  the  blowpipe  on  charcoal,  but  gives  off  sulphur 
fumes  which  are  deposited  on  the  charcoal.  Dissolves  in  nitric  acid, 
leaving  a  gray  residue.  It  is  the  commercial  ore  of  molybdenum,  but 
some  wulfenite  (molybdate  of  lead)  has  also  been  sold  for  the  molyb- 
denum oxide  it  contained.  To  be  marketable,  the  latter  must  be  free 
from  impurities  such  as  copper,  tungsten,  vanadium,  chromium  and 
contain  at  least  25%  of  molybdenum  oxide. 

Occurrence. 

The  sulphide,  molybdenite,  is  widely  distributed  in  California,  usu- 
ally as  thin  flakes  and  leaves,  sometimes  large  and  well  formed  crystals 
in  quartz  and  crystalline  rocks,  and  contact  metamorphic  deposits.  It 
occurs  in  the  gold  quartz  veins  of  California.  In  appearance  it  strongly 


22  fAl.lFoKNIA    STATE    MINIM!    WRKAU. 

resembles  graphite,  but  lias  a  lighter  bluish  lead  gray  color.  When 
occuring  alone  it  oxidizes  to  yellow  color,  and  occasionally  to  a  peculiar 
cobalt  blue  tinge.  It  has  been  found  in  the  mother  lode  counties  and  in 
Fresno,  Inyo,  Madera,  Mono.  Napa.  San  Diego,  Shasta,  Tnlar.'  and 
Riverside  counties. 

Uses. 

Aside  from  many  chemical  and  minor  industrial  uses,  the  principal 
value  of  molybdenum  lies  in  its  steel  hardening  qualities.  Therefore, 
its  principal  markets  are  in  the  Eastern  steel  centers.  Molybdenum 
steel,  containing  from  6%  to  10%  of  the  metal  is  used  for  high  speed 
cutting  tools,  propeller  shafts,  rifle  barrels,  etc. 

It  is  used  with  tungsten  in  electric  lamp  filaments  and  in  electric 
furnaces. 

It  is  difficult  to  concentrate,  owing  to  its  flaky  character,  although 
experiments  have  shown  that  the  ore  is  particularly  amenable  to  treat- 
ment by  flotation. 

Prices. 

During  1914  the  price  of  molybdenite  reached  $2.00  per  pound  for 
hand-picked  material  that  carried  over  90%  MoS,.  No  doubt  some 
purchases  have  been  made  for  speculation,  and  discrepancy  occasionally 
occurs  between  published  quotations  and  actual  sales  to  consumers,  but 
indications  seem  to  warrant  the  statement  that  satisfactory  prices  will 
be  obtained  by  producers  for  some  time  to  come  even  after  the  close  of 
the  war. 

The  use  of  the  term  "unit"  has  caused  some  confusion,   as  it  is 
referred  to  the  metal  in  some  ores  and  again  to  the  sulphide  or  oxide 
of  the  metal  in  others.     In  buying  molybdenite  it  means  unit  of  M   8 
a  unit  being  each  1%  of  MoS2. 

Both  the  long  ton  (2240  pounds)  and  the  short  ton  of  2000  pounds 
have  been  used  as  a  basis  for  transactions.  That  no  misunderstandings 
may  arise,  it  should  be  clearly  understood  which  one  is  referred  to  in 
each  case. 

The  price  has  increased  from  an  average  of  50^  per  pound  in  1914 
to  75^  per  pound  in  1916,  and  $1.00  per  pound  in  ]917.  Th»-  quota- 
tion at  San  Francisco  on  June  18,  1918.  was  $1.25  per  pound  for  90% 
MoS2. 

Producers. 

An  effort  has  been  made  to  list  in  alphabetical  order  under  this 
heading  all  owners  or  operators  of  molybdenum  deposits  in  California, 
with  their  addresses  and  the  location  of  their  property.  No  attempt 
has  been  made  to  distinguish  between  those  which  may  at  the  moment 
be  producing,  or  those  which  are  idle,  and  there  are  possible  errors  and 
omissions  owing  to  the  rapid  development  in  this  branch  of  the  mining 
industry. 


TUNGSTEN,    MOLYBDENUM    AND    VANADIUM. 


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L»4  LJFOBN1A   >T\TI:    MINIM;   BUREAU. 

LETTERS  FROM  MOLYBDENUM  CONSUMERS 

Henry   E.   Wood   Ore   Testing   Company,   Inc.:    1734   Arapahoe   St..    Denver, 
Colo.     Nov.  23,  1917. 

"We  are  now  concentrating  from  either  \\.-t  or  dry  <-ru>h>-il  ore  on 
our  own  patented  madiin<-N.  ores  from  any  source  in  the  Unit«-<l  S- 
that  we  can  secure. 

We  have  lately  milled  100  tons  from  Shasta  County,  which  assayed 
1.31%,  a  difficult  ore  on  account  of  cleavage  faces  and  all  cavities  con- 
taining oxides  soluble  in  water  to  some  extent. 

In  reply  to  your  numbered  inquiries : 

No.  1.  We  produce  only  a  high  grade  concentrate  for  the  open  market. 

No.  2.  We  will  make  no  firm  bids  whatever  for  ore  or  concentrates 
unless  we  have  inspected  and  tested  an  average  sample  of  the  ore  offered. 
Prices  paid  are  generally  f.  o.  b.  Denver,  unless,  as  is  the  case  some- 
times, we  buy  the  ore  at  the  mine.  Freight  charges  must  either  be  paid 
in  advance  or  guaranteed  independently  of  the  proceeds  from  the  con- 
centrates, as  worthless  material  is  often  shipped.  We  do  not  do  custom 
work,  but  occasionally  enter  into  specific  contracts  to  participate  in  the 
net  proceeds. 

No.  3.  A  contract  mutually  protecting  joint  interests. 
No.  4.  About  ten  tons  per  day. ' ' 

General  Electric  Company:  Schenectady,  N.  Y.     Nov.  20,  1917. 

"Our  principal  use  of  this  material  is  as  metal.  We  use  this  to  form 
the  shank  holding  the  target  of  a  Coolidge  X-ray  tube.  A  little 
molybdenum  metal  is  also  used  as  wire,  but  this  demand  is  compara- 
tively insignificant. 

2d.  We  have  no  specifications  for  ore  as  wre  are  able  to  obtain  all 
the  material  which  we  require  as  molybdic  acid. 

3d.  We  purchase  this  molybdic  acid  simply  on  guarantee  as  to 
chemical  purities. 

4th.  Our  consumption  is  about  300  pounds  per  month  of  85% 
molybdic  acid." 

General  Chemical  Company:  25  Broad  St.,  New  York  City,  N.  Y.     Nov.  J'i. 
1917. 

"1.  The  principal  use  to  which  we  put  this  material  is  in  the  manu- 
facture of  chemicals. 

2.  The  specifications  are  that  it  be  not  under  80%  concentrates  and 
free  from  tungsten  and  arsenic. 

3.  We  have  not  contracted. 


TIMiSTKX,    MOI.YHDKNTM     AND    VAXADIl'M  .  25 

4.  The  approximate  amount  of  ore  we  expect  to  be  in  the  market  for 
depends  on  the  supply  and  the  quality." 

J.  T.  Baker  Chemical  Company:  Phillipsburg,  N.  J.     Nov.  20,  1917. 

' '  Referring  to  yours  of  the  13th  in  reference  to  data  on  molybdenum, 
beg  to  say  that  its  principal  use  is  making  alloys  and  making  the  salts 
of  molybdenum.  For  making  chemical  salts  and  concentrates  should 
not  run  less  than  90%,  but  for  making  alloys  a  grade  considerably 
lower  can  be  used.  The  contracts  are  generally  based  upon  the  per- 
centage of  MoS2  content,  a  premium  being  paid  for  high  percentage. 
For  our  own  use  we  usually  consume  about  a  ton  a  month  of  the 
concentrates." 

Primos  Chemical  Company:  Primes,  Delaware  County,  Pa.     Dec.  6,  1917. 

' '  We  are  glad  to  give  you  the  following  information  in  reply  to  your 
various  questions : 

1.  The  molybdenum  ores  which  we  receive  here  are  used  principally 
in   the   manufacture   of   molybdenum   metal,    ferro-molybdenum    and 
molybdic  acid:  being  used  to  a  minor  extent  in  the  manufacture  of 
niolybdate  of  ammonia,  molybdate  of  soda  and  molybdate  of  calcium. 
The  molybdenum  metal  and  ferro-molybdenum  are  largely  used  in  the 
manufacture  of  the  higher  grades  of  steel,  giving  similar  properties  to 
tungsten,  when  used  in  about  half  the  quantity,  molybdenum,  however, 
having  other  properties  which  tungsten  does  not.     Molybdic  acid  is 
largely  used  by  the  various  steel  works  laboratories  for  the  determina- 
tion of  phosphorus  in  steel,  etc. 

2.  The  molybdenum  ore,  if  wulfenite,  should  contain  minimum  20% 
Mo03,  and  be  free  from  tungsten  and  vanadium.     If  molybdenite,  the 
same  should  contain  minimum  60%  MoS,,  although  we  prefer  ores 
running  80%  to  90%  MoS2,  and  free  from  copper  and  other  deleterious 
substances. 

3.  "We  have  no  regular  form  of  contract,  but  try  wherever  possible  to 
conform  to  the  requirements  of  the  seller.     In  some  cases  where  the 
seller  is  a  man  without  means,  and  where  his  ore  is  known  to  be  of  good 
quality,  we  sometimes  make  advance  payments  in  order  to  help  in  the 
financing  of  the  operations. 

4.  The    market    is    naturally    somewhat    limited    for    molybdenum 
products,  but  is  at  present  growing,  and  we  are  opening  our  Colorado 
mines,  where  we  expect  to  produce  sufficient  ore  to  care  for  our  require- 
ments for  some  time  to  come.     We  could,  however,  use  considerable  ore 
for  immediate  shipment." 


26  <    U.IFOIJMA    >TATK    .MIMN(i    HIKKAU. 

Rose  Chemical  Company:  2678  Lacy  St.,  Los  Angeles,  Cal.    Dec.  14,  1917. 

"We  use  molybdenite  in  the  manufacture  of  molybdic  acid,  also  for 
making  f erro-molybdenum  in  the  electric  furnace. 

We  have  never  been  able  to  determine,  without  having  a  sample  sub- 
mitted, what  ores  we  could  use.  Generally  speaking,  the  raw  ore  should 
carry  at  least  80%  MoS2,  in  which  case,  if  the  ore  can  be  bought  at  the 
proper  price,  the  impurities  such  as  copper,  iron,  arsenic,  etc.,  can  be 
eliminated. 

We  have  never  gotten  up  a  form  of  contract  for  the  reason  that  we 
have  never  been  able  to  find  enough  molybdenite  in  any  one  place  to 
make  a  commercial  proposition. 

We  could  use  a  ton  per  day  of  70  to  90%  MoS2  if  we  could  get  it." 


Tl.:X<;>TKX.    MOLYBDEXr.M    AND    YAXAHirM.  27 

CHAPTER  III. 

VANADIUM. 
Foreword. 

Tp  to  the  present  time  vanadium  has  not  been  produced  in  California 
in  commercial  quantities.  In  1917,  55  tons  of  metal,  in  ore  and  con- 
centrates, were  produced  in  the  United  States.  As  the  demand  for 
it  in  the  steel  industry  was  greatly  stimulated  by  the  war  and  has 
increased  since  then,  there  are  great  opportunities  for  the  miner  or 
prospector  and  others  to  develop  this  industry. 

Vanadium  ore  is  known  to  occur  in  San  Bernardino  County,  near 
Goffs,  and  there  are,  possibly,  other  prospects  on  which  we  have  received 
no  reports. 

The  supply  for  the  United  States  comes  mainly  from  Colorado  and 
Utah.  No  vanadium  is  imported  except  as  ferro-vanadium  alloy. 

Properties  and  Ores. 

Vanadium  (V)  is  a  graj'ish  colored  metal,  with  metallic  luster.  It 
is  a  rare  element  found  in  vanadates,  or  salts  of  vanadic  acid,  which  is 
closely  related  chemically  to  phosphoric  and  arsenic  acids.  Vanadinite 
and  descloizite  are  the  most  common  vanadates. 

Vanadinate  (PbCl)Pb4(VOJ3.  Vanadate  of  lead  and  chlorine. 
Color  deep  ruby  red,  but  sometimes  yellow.  Resinous  luster.  Hardness 
3.0.  Gravity  6.7-7.2.  Generally  occurs  as  small  prisms.  Found  in 
San  Bernardino  County. 

Dilute  nitric  acid  (HN03)  solution  of  the  mineral  gives  with  silver 
nitrate  a  white  precipitate  of  silver  chloride. 

Descloizite  (Pb(PbOH)V04).  Vanadate  of  lead  and  sometimes  zinc 
and  copper.  22.7%  V2O5.  Color  red  to  yellowish  brown,  dull  green  or 
black.  Greasy  luster.  No  cleavage.  Hardness  3.5.  Gravity  6.2.  Found 
in  San  Bernardino  County.  Occurs  in  small  prismatic  or  pyramidal 
crystals  and  in  fibreous  masses  or  drusy  surfaces  and  crusts. 

Roscoelite  Vanadium  mica.  Hydrous  silicate  of  vanadium,  aluminum 
and  potassium.  Color,  dark  brownish  or  green.  Perfect  basal  cleavage. 
Found  in  scales.  Pearly  luster.  Soft.  Gravity  2.9.  Has  a  large  per- 
centage of  Vanadium  (20%-29%  V203).  It  is  very  rare.  Found  in 
El  Dorado  County. 

Sandstones  are  found  impregated  with  this  mica  in  Colorado. 

Carnotite,  a  comparatively  new  mineral  discovered  in  western  Colo- 
rado, has  a  complex  formula,  containing  uranium,  vanadium,  potassium, 
calcium  and  other  elements.  A  good  ore  of  vanadium.  Contains  about 
three  times  as  much  uranium  oxide  as  it  does  vanadium  oxide,  but  con- 
tains other  vanadium  minerals  in  such  quantities  that  the  vanadium  con- 
tent is  larger  than  the  uranium. 


28  CALIFORNIA    STATE    MINING   BIKKAI. 

General  Occurrence. 

Vanadium  is  most  commonly  found  in  sedimentary  formations,  sand- 
stones, i-l.-iys  and  shales,  associated  with  uranium  and  radium. 
Sometimes  associated  with  copper.  Lead  vanadates  are  frequently 
found  with  lead  ores. 

Uses. 

The  principal  use  for  vanadium  is  in  the  manufacture  of  steel  alloys, 
and  vanadium  salts. 

Vanadate  of  ammonium  and  vanadic  oxide  are  used  in  the  manu- 
facture of  ink,  and  in  textile  dyeing  and  printing. 

When  used  in  the  manfacture  of  steel  vanadium  greatly  increases  the 
tensile  strength  and  the  elastic  limit. 

Tests. 

Vanadium  minerals  when  treated  with  concentrated  hydrochloric  acid 
(HC1),  give  a  rich  brown  solution.  When  water  is  added  the  color 
changes  to  green,  or  disappears.  If  the  dilution  is  not  great  the  brown 
color  returns  upon  the  addition  of  hydrogen  peroxide  (H,02).  If 
dilute  acid  is  used  to  bring  the  mineral  into  solution,  the  color  is  green- 
ish or  yellowish.  This  test  may  be  made  on  the  minerals  themselves, 
with  a  few  drops  of  the  reagents,  with  the  same  color  effects. 

Heated  with  borax  in  the  oxidizing  flame,  the  bead  is  yellow  when  hot, 
changing  to  yellowish  green  or  colorless. 

Prices. 

Price  quoted  at  San  Francisco  March  19,  1918  were  $10.50  per  pound, 
based  on  99%  vanadium  pentoxide. 


PUBLICATIONS. 


29 


PUBLICATIONS  OF  THE  CALIFORNIA  STATE  MINING 

BUREAU. 

Publications  of  this  Bureau  will  be  sent  On  receipt  of  the  requisite  amount.     Only 
stamps,  coin  or  money  orders  will  be  accepted  in  payment. 

Money  orders  should  be  made  payable  to  the  STATE  MINING  BURKAU. 
Personal  checks  will  not  be  accepted. 

REPORTS. 

Asterisk  (*)   indicates  the  publication  is  out  of  print. 
•Report         I.     Henry  G.  Hanks.     1880. 
•Report        II.     Henry  G.  Hanks.     1882. 
•Report      III.     Henry  G.  Hanks.     1883. 
•Report      IV.     Henry  G.  Hanks.     1884. 
•Report        V.     Henry  G.  Hanks.     1885. 
•Report      VI.     Part  1.     Henry  G.   Hanks.     1886. 
•Report      VI.     Part  2.      Wm.   Irelan,   Jr.      1886. 
•Report    VII.     Wm.  Irelan,  Jr.     1887. 
•Report  VIII.     Wm.  Irelan,  Jr.     1888. 
•Report      IX.     Wm.  Irelan,   Jr.     1889. 
•Report        X.     Wm.   Irelan,  Jr.     1890.  Price 

Report      XI.     Wm.   Irelan,   Jr.     1892.     (First  biennial) $1.00 

•Report    XII.     J.   J.    Crawford.     1894.     (Second   biennial) 

*Report  XIII.     J.    J.   Crawford,    1896.     (Third  biennial) 

Chapters   of   State   Mineralogist's   Report,    Biennial   period,    1913-1914,    Fletcher 

Hamilton: 
Mines  "and  Mineral  Resources  of  Imperial  and  San  Diego  Counties — F.  J.  H. 

Merrill.     1914     .35 

Mines  and  Mineral  Resources,   Amador,   Calaveras  and  Tuolumne  Counties — 

W.   B.   Tucker.     1915   .50 

Mines   and    Mineral    Resources,    Colusa.    Glenn,    Lake,    Marin,    Napa,    Solano, 

Sonoma  and  Tolo  Counties — Walter  W.   Bradley.     1915 .50 

Mines  and  Mineral  Resources,   Del  Norte,   Humboldt  and  Mendocino  Counties 

— F.    L.    Lowell.     1915 .25 

Mines  and  Mineral  Resources,  Fresno,  Kern,  Kings,  Madera,  Mariposa,  Mer- 
ced.   San    Joaquin    and    Stanislaus    Counties — Walter    W.    Bradley,    G.    C. 

Brown.   F.    L.    Lowell  and   R.    P.   McLaughlin,    1915 .50 

Mines  and  Mineral  Resources,   Shasta,   Siskiyou  and  Trinity  Counties — G.  C. 

Brown.      1915    .50 

Report  XIV.     Fletcher  Hamilton,   1915,   Biennial  period   1913-1914.     (The  above 

county  chapters  combined  in  a  single  volume) 2.00 

Chapters   of    State   Mineralogist's    Report,    Biennial    Period,    1915-1916,    Fletcher 

Hamilton: 

Mines  and  Mineral  Resources,  Alpine,  Inyo  and  Mono  Counties,  with  geological 
map— Arthur   S.    Eakle,    Emile    Huguenin,    R.    P.    McLaughlin,    Clarence   A. 

Waring.      1917    1.25 

Mines   a,nd    Mineral   Resources.    Butte,    Lassen.    Modoc,    Sutter   and    Tehama 

Counties — W.   Burling  Tucker,   Clarence  A.   Waring.     1917 .50 

Mines    and    Mineral    Resources.    El    Dorado,    Placer,    Sacramento    and    Yuba 

Counties — W.   Burling  Tucker,   Clarence   A.   Waring.     1917 .65 

Mines  and  Mineral  Resources,  Los  Angeles,  Orange  and  Riverside  Counties — 

Frederick  J.   H.   Merrill.     1917 .50 

Mines  and  Mineral  Resources,  Monterey,  San  Benito,  San  Luis  Obispo,  Santa 
Barbara  and  Ventura  Counties — Walter  W.  Bradley,  Emile  Huguenin,  C.  A. 

Logan,    Clarence   A.   Waring.     1917 .65 

Mines  and   Mineral  Resources,    San   Bernardino  and   Tulare   Counties — H.   C. 
Cloudman,  Emile  Huguenin,  F.  J.  H.  Merrill,  W.  Burling  Tucker.     1917 .65 

BULLETINS. 

•Bulletin     1.     Dessicated  Human   Remains. — Winslow  Anderson.     1888 

•Bulletin     2.     Methods  of  Mine  Timbering.— W.   H.   Storms.     1894 

'Bulletin     3.     Gas  and  Petroleum  Yielding  Formations  of  the  Central  Valley  of 

California.— W.  L.  Watts.     1894 

•Bulletin     4.     Catalogue    of    California    Fossils    (Parts    2,    3,    4    and    5). — J.    G. 

Cooper.      1894    

•Bulletin     5.     The  Cyanide  Process:  Its  Practical  Application  and  Economical 

Results — A.    Scheidel.     1894    

Bulletin     6.     California  Gold  Mill  Practices.— E.   B.   Preston.     1895 ?0.50 

•Bulletin     7.     Mineral    Production    of    California,    by    Counties,    1894.— Chas.    G. 

Yale.      (Tabulated    sheet) 

'Bulletin     8.     Mineral    Production    of   California,    by    Counties,    1895. — Chas.    G. 

Yale.      (Tabulated    sheet) 

•Bulletin     9.     Mine  Drainage,  Pumps,  etc. — Hans  C.  Behr.     1896 

•Bulletin  10.     A     Bibliography    Relating    to    the    Geology.     Palaeontology,    and 

Mineral    Resources   of   California. — A.    W.    Vogdes.     1896 

•Bulletin  11.     Oil  and   Gas   Yielding  Formations   of  Los  Angeles,   Ventura  and 

Santa   Barbara   Counties. — W.    L.   Watts.     1896 

•Bulletin  12.     Mineral   Production   of  California,   by  Counties,    1896. — Chas.  G. 

Yale.      (Tabulated    sheet) 

•Bulletin  13.     Mineral    Production    of   California,    by   Counties,    1897. — Chas.    G. 

Yale.      (Tabulated    sheet) I 


30 


CM.IKnUMA    >TATi:     .MINIM;    Ml   KKAK. 


PUBLICATIONS    OF    THE    CALIFORNIA    STATE    MINING    BUREAU— Continued. 
Asterisk  (•)  Indicates  the  publication  Is  out  of  print.  Price. 

•Bulletin  14.     Mineral   Production   of  California,   by   Counties,    1898. — Chas.   G. 

Yale.      (Tabulated  sheet) 

Bulletin  15.     Map  of  Oil  City  Oil  Fields,  Fresno  County. — J.  H.  Means 

•Bulletin  16.     The  Genesis  of  Petroleum  and   Asphaltum   in   California. — A.    s. 

Cooper.     1899 • 

•Bulletin  17.     Mineral   Production   of  California,   by   Counties,    1899. — Chas.   G. 

Yale.      (Tabulated  sheet) 

•Bulletin  18.     The  Mother  Lode  Region  of  California. — W.  H.  Storms,  1900 

•Bulletin  19.     Oil  and  Gas  Yielding  Formations  of  California, — W.   L.   Watts. 

1900 

•Bulletin  20.     Synopsis   of    General    Report    of    State    Mining    Bureau. — W.    L. 

Watts.     1900 

•Bulletin  21.     Mineral   Production   of   California,   by   Counties,    1900. — Chas.    G. 

Yale.      (Tabulated   sheet)    __ 

•Bulletin  22.     Mineral  Production  of  California  for  Fourteen  Years. — Chas.  G. 

Yale.     1900.      (Tabulated    sheet)     

Bulletin.         Reconnaissance  of  the  Colorado  Desert  Mining  District. — Stephen 

Bowers.     1901 

Bulletin  23.     The  Copper  Resources  of  California. — P.  C.  DuBois,  F.  M.  Ander- 
son, J.  H.  Tibbits.  and  G.  A.  Tweedy.      1902 $0.50 

•Bulletin  24.     The  Saline  Deposits  of  California. — G.  E.   Bailey.     1902 

•Bulletin  25.     Mineral    Production   of   California,    by   Counties,    1901. — Chas.    G. 

Yale.      (Tabulated   sheet)    ___ 

•Bulletin   26.     Mineral    Production    of    California    for    Fifteen    Years. — Chas.    G. 

Yale.     1901.     (Tabulated  sheet) 

•Bulletin  27.     The  Quicksilver  Resources  of  California. — Wm.    Forstner.     1903    

•Bulletin  28.     Mineral   Production   of  California,   by   Counties,    1902. — Chas.   G. 

Yale.      (Tabulated   sheet)    

•Bulletin  29.     Mineral   Production   of   California   for   Sixteen   Years. — Chas.    G. 

Yale.    1902.     (Tabulated  sheet) 

'Bulletin  30.     A  Bibliography  of  Geology,  Palaeontology,  and  Mineral  Resources 

of  California. — A.  W.  Vogdes.     1903  

•Bulletin  31.     Chemical  Analyses  of  California  Petroleum. — H.  N.  Cooper.     1903. 

(Tabulated  sheet)   

Bulletin  32.     Production  and  Use  of  Petroleum  in  California.— P.  W.  Prutzman. 

1904 .25 

•Bulletin  33.     Mineral   Production   of  California,   by   Counties,   1903. — Chas.   G. 

Yale.      (Tabulated   sheet)    — 

•Bulletin  34.     Mineral  Production  of  California  for  Seventeen  Years. — Chas.  G. 

Yale.     1903.     (Tabulated  sheet) 

•Bulletin  35.     Mines  and  Minerals  of  California  for  1903. — Chas.  G.  Yale.     1904. 

(Statistical)    

•Bulletin  36.     Gold  Dredging  In  California. — J.  E.  Doolittle.     1905 

Bulletin  37.     Gems,  Jewelers'  Materials,  and  Ornamental  Stones  of  California. 
— George  F.  Kunz.     1905: 

First  edition   (without  colored  plates) .26 

•Second  edition   (with  colored  plates) 

•Bulletin  38.     The    Structural    and    Industrial    Materials    of    California. — Wm. 

Forstner,  T.   C.   Hopkins,   C.   Naramore,  L.   H.   Eddy.     1906__    

•Bulletin  39.     Mineral   Production   of   California,   by   Counties,    1904. — Chas.    G. 

Yale.      (Tabulated   sheet)    

•Bulletin  40.     Mineral  Production  of  California  for  Eighteen  Years. — Chas.   G. 

Yale.      1904.      (Tabulated   sheet)    

•Bulletin  41.     Mines    and    Minerals    of    California,    for    1904 — Chas.    G.    Yale 

(Statistical)    

•Bulletin  42.     Mineral   Production   of  California,   by  Counties,    1905. — Chas.   G. 

Yale.      (Tabulated   sheet)    

•Bulletin  43.     Mineral  Production  of  California  for  Nineteen  Years. — Chas.  G. 

Yf.le.      1905.      (Tabulated   sheet)    

•Bulletin  44.     Mines    and    Minerals    of   California,    for    1905. — Chas.    G.    Yale. 

(Statistical)    

•Bulletin  45.     Auriferous  Black  Sands  of  California. — J.  A.  Edman.     1907 

Bulletin  46.     General  Index  to  Publications  of  the  State  Mining  Bureau. — Com- 
piled by  Chas.  G.  Yale.     1907 .30 

•Bulletin  47.     Mineral   Production   of  California,   by   Counties,    1906. — Chas.   G. 

Yale.      (Tabulated    sheet)    

•Bulletin  48.     Mineral   Production   of   California  for  Twenty   Years. — Chas.    G. 

Yale.      1906.      (Tabulated  sheet)    

•Bulletin  49.     Mines   and    Minerals    of    California,    for    1906. — Chas.    G.    Yale. 

(Statistical)    

Bulletin  50.     The  Copper  Resources  of  California. — A.   Hausmann,  J.    Krutt- 

schnitt,  Jr.,  W.   E.  Thorne,  J.  A.   Edman.     1908 1.00 

•Bulletin  51.     Mineral    Production    of    California,    by    Counties,    1907. — D.    H. 

Walker.      (Tabulated    sheet)     

•Bulletin  52.     Mineral  Production  of  California  for  Twenty-one  Years. — D.   H. 

Walker.     1907.      (Tabulated    sheet)     

•Bulletin  53.     Mineral   Production  of  California  for  1907,   with  County   Maps — 

D.    H.    Walker.     1908.      (Statistical) 

•Bulletin  54.     Mineral    Production    of    California,    by    Counties,    1908. — D.    H. 

Walker.      (Tabulated    sheet)    

•Bulletin  55.     Mineral  Production  of  California  for  Twenty-two  Years. — D.   H. 

Walker.     1908.      (Tabulated    sheet)    


PUBLICATIONS. 


31 


PUBLICATIONS    OF    THE    CALIFORNIA    STATE     MINING     BUREAU— Continued. 

Asterisk  (*)   indicates  the  publication  is  out  of  print.  Price. 

•Bulletin  56.     Mineral    Production    for    1908,    County   Maps,    and   Mining   Laws 

of  California. — D.   H.   Walker.     1909.      (Statistical) 

'Bulletin  57.     Gold    Dredging    in    California. — W.    B.    Winston,    Charles    Janin. 

1910 

•Bulletin  58.     Mineral    Production    of    California,    by    Counties,     1909. — D.    H. 

Walker.      (Tabulated    sheet)    • 

•Bulletin  59.     Mineral  Production  of  California  for  Twenty-three  Years. — D.  H. 

Walker.     1909.      (Tabulated  sheet)    

•Bulletin  60.     Mineral    Production    for    1909,    County   Maps,    and    Mining   Laws 

of  California. — D.H.Walker.     1910.     (Statistical) 

•Bulletin  61.     Mineral   Production   of   California,    by   Counties,   for   1910.— D.   H. 

Walker.      (Tabulated    sheet)    

•Bulletin  62.     Mineral  Production  of  California  for  Twenty-four  Years. — D.   H. 

Walker.     1910.      (Tabulated    sheet)    

Bulletin  63.     Petroleum  in   Southern  California. — P.   W.   Prutzman.     1912 $0.75 

Bulletin  64.     Mineral  Production  for  1911. — E.   S.   Boalich,    1912 

Bulletin   65.     Mineral   Production  for  1912. — E.   S.   Boalich,   1913 

•Bulletin   66.     Mining  Laws,  United  States  and  California,   1914 

Bulletin  67.     Minerals    of    California.— A.    S.    Eakle,    1914 

Bulletin   68.     Mineral  Production  for  1913. — E.   S.   Boalich.     1914 

Bulletin   69.     Petroleum  Industry  of  California,  with  Folio  of  Maps  (18x22  in.) 

— R.  P.  McLaughlin  and  C.  A.  Waring,   1914 2.00 

•Bulletin  70.     Mineral    Production    for    1914,    with    Mining   Law   Appendix.     1915    

•Bulletin  71.     California  Mineral  Production  for  1915,  with  Mining  Law  Appen- 
dix and  Maps. — Walter  W.  Bradley,  1916 

Bulletin  72.     Geologic    Formations    of    California. — James    Perin    Smith.      1917 

(For  Map,   see  below) -25 

•Bulletin  73.      Report  of  Operations  of  Department  of  Petroleum  and  Gas  for    

1915-1916. — R.    P.    McLaughlin.       1917 

Bulletin   74.      California    Mineral    Production    for    1916,    with    County    Maps. — 

Walter   W.    Bradley.     1917 

Bulletin  75.     U.   S.  and  California  Mining  Laws 

Bulletin   76.     Manganese  and  Chromium  in  California   (in  preparation) 

Bulletin  77.     Catalogue    of    Publications    of    California    State    Mining    Bureau, 

1880-1918.— E.   S.   Boalich  

Bulletin  7S.      Quicksilver  Resources  of  California.     (In   press.) 

Bulletin  79.      Magnesite    in    California.     (In    preparation) 

Bulletin  80.     Tungsten,   Molybdenum  and  Vanadium  in  California.      (In  prep- 
aration)        

Preliminary    Reports. 

•Preliminary  Report  No.  1.     Notes    on    Damage    by    Water    in    California    Oil 

Fields,   Dec.,  1913.     By  R.   P.   McLaughlin 

•Preliminary  Report    No.    2.     Notes    on    Damage   by   Water   in    California    OH 

Fields,    Mar.,    1014.     By    R.    P.    McLaughlin 

•Preliminary  Report  No.  3.     Manganese  and  Chromium,  1917.  By  E.  S.  Boalich     

Preliminary  Report  No.  3.     Manganese    and    Chromium.     By    E.     S.     Boalich. 

(Second    edition)    

Preliminary  Report  No.   4.     Tungsten,   Molybdenum  and  Vanadium,   1918.     By 

E.  S.  Boalich  and  W.  O.  Castello 

Preliminary    Report    No.    5.     Antimony,    Graphite,    Nickel,    Potash,    Strontium, 

Tin,  1918.     By  E.  S.  BoaHoh  and  W.  O.  Castello 

Registers   of   Mines   with    Maps. 

Amador   County -, J.25 

Butte   County .25 

•Calaveras    County   ' 

•El  Dorado  County 

•Inyo   County   

•Kern  County 

Lake  County .25 

Mariposa  County .25 

•Nevada    County    

•Placer  County 

•Plumas    County 

•San  Bernardino  County 

•San  Diego  Co»nty 

Santa  Barbara  County .25 

•Shasta  County   

•Sierra  County 

•Siskiyou  County 

•Trinity  County 

•Tuolumne  County 

Yuba    County    .25 

Register  of  Oil  Wells  (with  map),  Los  Angeles  City .35 


32  CM.IFOKMA    STATE    MINING 

OTHER   MAPS. 

•California,  Showing  Mineral  Deposits   (50x60  in.) —  Price 

Mounted    $1.50 

Forest  Reserves  in  California — 

Mounted   .50 

Unmounted    .30 

•Mineral  and  Relief  Map  of  California 

El  Dorado  County,  Showing  Boundaries  of  National  Forests .20 

Madera  County,  Showing  Boundaries  of  National  Forests .20 

Placer  County.  Showing  Boundaries  of  National  Forests .20 

Shasta  County,  Showing  Boundaries  of  National  Fore«ts .20 

Sierra  County,  Showing  Boundaries  of  National  Forests .20 

Siskiyou  County,  Showing  Boundaries  of  National  Forests .20 

Trinity  County,  Showing  Boundaries  of  National  Forests .45 

Tuolumne  County,  Showing  Boundaries  of  National  Forests .20 

•Mother  Lode  Region  

Desert  Region  of  Southern  California  .10 

Minaret  Region,  Madera  County j. .20 

Copper  Deposits  in  California .05 

Calaveras  County  .25 

Plumas  County  .26 

Tuolumne  County  .25 

Geological  Map  of  California  (mounted) — 50x60  inches 2.50 

DETERMINATION   OF   MINERAL  SAMPLES. 

Samples  (limited  to  three  at  one  time)  of  any  mineral  found  in  the  state  may  be 
sent  to  the  Bureau  for  identification,  and  the  same  will  be  classified  free  of  charge. 
No  samples  will  be  determined  if  received  from  points  outside  the  'state.  It  must  be 
understood  that  no  assays,  or  quantitative  determinations  will  be  made.  Samples 
should  be  in  lump  form  if  possible,  and  marked  plainly  with  name  of  sender  on  out- 
side of  package,  etc.  No  samples  will  be  received  unless  delivery  charges  are  prepaid. 
A  letter  should  accompany  sample,  giving  locality  where  mineral  was  foun<1  juid  the 
nature  of  the  information  desired. 


INDEX. 


Alloys  Page 

Molybdenum     21,    22,  24-26 

Tungsten 9,   10,  16-20 

Vanadium 27,  28 

Atolia   District    9-10 

Buyers 

Molybdenum    « 23 

Letters    from    24-26 

Tungsten    15 

Letter  from   16-20 

Vanadium 27 

Carnotite 27 

Consumers 

Molybdenum    

Letters    from    24 

Tungsten     

Letters  from 

Vanadium 27 

Contracts  and  specifications  for 

Molybdenum    ores    24-26 

Tungsten   ores 16-20 

Deposits 

Molybdenum 

Tungsten 

Descloizite   

Determination  of  mineral  samples 

Ferro 

Molybdenum 26 

Tungsten 16-30 

Vanadium - 27,  28 

Freight    rates    

Hubnerite !• 

Imports 

Tungsten 9 

Vanadium .~ : 27 

Letter   to   consumers  and   buyers 7 

Letters  from  buyers  and  consumers  of 

Molybdenum   24 

Tungsten    16 

Market  for 

Molybdenum 23-26 

Tungsten    , 16-20 

Vanadium    27 

Mineral   samples,    determination   of 

Molybdenum    21 

Buyers   and    consumers 23 

Deposits 23 

Ferro    26 

Letters   from   consumers 24 

Occurrence    21 

Ores 21 

Prices 22 

Producers 22 

Production 

Properties    21 

Sulphide 21 

Steel    22 

Tests   21 

Unit 22 

Uses 22 

Value 21 

Molybdenite 21 

Molybdic  Acid 24-26 

Occurrence  of 

Molybdenum    21 

Tungsten    9 

Vanadium 27-28 

Ores  of 

Molybdenum 21 

Tungsten    9 

Vanadium   27 

Prices  of 

Molybdenum 

Tungsten    11 

Vanadium    .                2S 


34  INDEX. 

Production  of 

Molybdenum 21 

Tungsten    9 

Vanadium    -1 

Producers  of 

Molybdenum   -':; 

Tungsten 1.' 

Properties  of 

Molybdenum 2  I 

Tungsten    :• 

Vanadium 27 

Publications  of  State  Mining  Bureau -'.< 

Randsburg  District 10 

Roscoelite -7 

Samples,  mineral,   determination  of '•'•- 

Scheelite  ' 'J 

Specifications  for 

iKlenum    -1    -<'• 

Tungsten  l  *'•  -'" 

Statt-  Mining  Bureau,  Publications  of -'•' 

Steel 

Molybdenum    '-'- 

Tungsten   10.   16-20 

Vanadium    

Tests  for 

Molybdenum -1 

Tungsten 1 1 

Vanadium    27-28 

Tungsten 

Buyers  and  consumers 15 

Contracts   and   specifications 16-2U 

Deposits  l 2 

Perro : 16-20 

Imports 9 

Letters  from  consumers 16 

Market    16-20 

Occurrence 9-10 

Ores 9 

Prices 11 

Production  9 

Properties 9 

Steel 10,   16-20 

Tests 11 

Trioxide    9,   11 

Unit 11 

Uses 10,  16-20 

Unit 

Molybdenum 22 

Tungsten     11 

Uses  of 

Molybdenum 22 

Tungsten 10,  16-20 

Vanadium     28 

Value  of 

Molybdenum    21—22 

Tungsten    9-11 

Vanadium     ?K 

Vanadinit* i'7 

Vanadium    ..  j?     i^s 

Ferro 27,    us 

Imports 27 

Mica 27 

Occurrence 27-28 

Ores 27 

Prices    . 28 

Production  27 

Properties    27 

Salts    28 

Steel    28 

Tests 27-2S 

Uses    28 

Wolframite    10 


28623    S-18    2M 


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